IntroductionīIzı·ԼĿ
1.īIzı
ЇSĸ_źЈM˾Yıʹù˾ؔķe۰ShȾ^ؚY_ͻMpһϵе}˾ГĽwڇȌWγɹRȻPڹ˾؟ΣCSRӑՓsF˃ɷNõM·һNnj䡰~UZxһNnjȺMxs顰˾Ĵƻɽ֮ʯԹFȌWPCSRӑՓ䌍o˴ͨfJ飬20o20Oliver SheldonThe Philosophy of Managementһԓv30Berle-DoddĹՓԼ60WԼɽWɹ˾ɫֱ֮80FreemanFriedmanġίPϵՓsWfĻAPՓ
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2.īIz·x
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⣬_ώ្ּzZԵ5WWz°ţ
1.1 WHO˾Г؟εČ@һҪ漰PՓȷęzz~TPߣStakeholderһPϵˈFwPrimary Stakeholder GroupsPϵˈFwSecondary Stakeholder Groupsɖ|ShareholdeṛSupplierMߣCustomer͆TEmployee^CommunityߣManagerGovernmentFwNGO & NPOȵ
1.2 WHATʲô؟˾؟εăЩ@һҪ漰PīIęzz~T繫˾؟ΣCorporate Social Responsibility˾Corporate Power˾УCorporate Manager Trusteeȵȡ
1.3 WHEN˾ʲôAΑГ؟@һҪ漰˾Փȷęzz~T繫˾ڣCorporate Life CycleEnterprise Life CycleڣThanks periodLڣ Permanent periodڣMaturity period˥ڣRecessionIwƣFree Enterprise Systemȵ
1.4 WHERE˾ʲôГ؟@һҪ漰˾BW˾WԼ^؟εȷęzz~T繫˾Corporate Governance̘IBusiness EthicsMBWOrganizational EcologyCsIntegrative Social Contracts^Local Communityȵ
1.5 WHYʲô˾Г؟Σ@һҪ漰PķlՓȷęzz~T繫˾ؑCorporate Social ResponsivenessCSRһYԴzxԭtPhilanthropy PrincipleԭtTrusteeship PrincipleԽԭtОՓUltra Vires Doctrineֱӫ@ԭtDirect Corporate Benefit DoctrineIД෨tBusiness Judgement Ruleȵȡ
3.īIzĿ
WJPڹ˾؟εķīIzһćLԇĿּڞ鷨١ɎWṩɿYȻֱӵĿģǞ鱾ƮIՓČṩYķlcՓز
ɽ֮ʯԹFȌWPCSRӑՓ䌍o˴īIęzc^aȌWYώĿȱĶشǰ֮pٟo^ՓĕrgоcڌWǰcdI
ɽ·ڞ鏽WoĿ֪̎RըϢrīIYϵcٶȿ^®@rȻҪһ݅Wוѵڊ^c̿ྫȻҪMīIzg͌ڔYcܵȫҕҰվھ˵ļ҂@һČWҸģԽǰ֮ҊǰδҊ
~ԝO@r֪RȻҪȻcߵĂ@ÏFڷīIznԼĈ挑_ώoԽo҂˙z^ͷϵĸ£`ώԼD^ĸλͬʾIIwNĻIcָԼҵČϽڈ挑^нoҵPcڴxͬrAWԺD^҂ṩµĔ죨WestlawLexisNexisHeinonlineV5CNKIЇ֪WõęzhnͬW֮g˼SײܱŰlRĻڴ˲x
˱CīIzYϵ挍ɿҎ]вGoogleBaiduһԵęzʽDzÈD^OpacϵyԼIɔęzʽYҪԴڣ
1.1 |ıD^Opacϵy webpac.zju.edu.cn ԃW^ܲԃ
1.2 īI www.chinalawinfo.com V5 www.pkulaw.com www.lawyee.netCNKIЇ֪W www.edu.cnki.net
1.3 īIWestlaw International international.westlaw.comLexisNexis www.lexisnexis.comHeinonline www.heinonline.org
PI~Keywords
˾IFˣCorporate
PߵģSocialPublicStakeholders
؟xResponsibilityLiabilityBurden
ƾٛSubscriptions for charitable, benevolent, humanitarian, educational, and philanthropic Purposes
˾棨Corporate BenefitPublic Welfare
˾Corporate Governance
˾Corporate Power
ˣTrustees
ԽࣨUltra ViresIДࣨBusiness Judgement
˾ڣCorporate Life Cycle, Enterprise Life Cycle, Organizational Life Cycle
ΩPߌWֳδև`֮̎yt_ҡ
PART ONEīIzеһYԴ
1.һYԴĽY
_ώPһYԴĄWһYԴ֞飺ɣStatutesҎcTҎ£RegulationsɽጣLegal InterpretationsCasesҎGovernment Agencies in chargeԼɔ죨Legal Websites, Datebases
Dһʾn̅RWЇһYԴ˷ɔһYԴԸzĽYل֞
1.1 Ҏcጣϛ]нጣ
@һփ̶ęzYʮׂʮ֮ge^鷽Ҳ^ȫW@һֲȫ_в^ķʽ
1.2 Ҏ
@һփݺƷęzY_ǧWMһķҪxȡ㽭ʡԼȫһЩдԵҎMз^
1.3 ϷQ
zǷīIzеccycİz¡|һڃcϣִ¿Է֞aƷ؟ΡڄӠh֪RaImɖ|VArcaȵ
һYԴWĻAҪc݃ɂչ_һƵćңиԵࡣČn}PҪС䡷Լ䡷P˾ƾٛ؟cСɖ|汣oҎȻmn}оģҪǸݵĹ˾ٛ˽ҎԼPAݣstate of DelawareЬF`Ĺ˾ԼһĹ˾ڷϵyՃԼЧԽ˾wϵɞˡ˾á^850,000ҹ˾@50%й˾63%ȫُؔ˾WAݵķɡҎԼc
2.ĵһYԴ
2.1 Ҏc
1993꡶˾5l2005ӆdϢWCLI.1.60597
l ˾½IطɡҎ̘I\ıOГ؟Ρ
˾ĺϷܷɱoַ
1997꡶ϻI7l(2006ӆ) dϢWCLI.1.78896
ߗl ϻIϻ˱طҎ̘IГ؟Ρ
2009꡶ʳƷȫ3ldϢWCLI.1.113981
l ʳƷaIߑշҎʳƷȫ˜ʏaIӣؓ؟CʳƷȫOГ؟
2008꡶IYa17ldϢWCLI.1.109891
ʮߗl ҳYI½IӣطɡҎӏI߽ЧPTCʩĹͱOıOГ؟ΣYؓ؟
ҳYIƷYȫȲOLUƶ
1993꡶Mߙ汣o49ldϢWCLI.1.6384
ʮŗlIṩƷ߷pОMߵҪrܵēpʧrĽ~MُIƷăr߽ܷյMõһ
2007꡶Iö9ldϢWCLI.1.89382
ھŗl IlĹԾ֧ٛ~12%ԃȵIJ֣Ӌ㑪{~r۳
2007꡶ڄӺͬ41ldϢWCLI.1.89382
ʮһl ֮һҪÜpˆTʮϻ߲Üpʮ˵ռIٷ֮ʮϵˆλǰʮȫwfr ȡҊÜpˆTڄTԲÜpˆT
һIƮaҎM
aIlyģ
IDaشg»߽Iʽ{׃ڄӺͬÜpˆTģ
ģڄӺͬӆrĿ^rlش׃ʹڄӺͬoеġ
ÜpˆTrˆT
һcλӆ^LĹ̶ބڄӺͬ
cλӆo̶ބڄӺͬģ
ͥo͘IˆTҪB˻δ˵
ˆλձlһҎÜpˆTˆTģ֪ͨÜpˆTͬȗlñÜpˆT
2006429աȫ˴ίPڼӏěQhdϢWCLI.1.76286
IIˆTҪB\ط^؟RI
20071022աȫ˴ؔίTPڵʮȫΕhϯFhĴhhYĈ桷dϢWCLI.1.113426
88PĹ˾ӹ˾؟Ҏh1˾2005ꄂӆhP؟Ά}ڰȫahoIηڄӷȷɷҎҎhǰȡʩٹ˾؟
2008107աȫȄ˾ίTPڵʮһȫһΕhϯFhĴhhYĈ桷dϢWCLI.1.113138
6.̵32PƶIh1328̖h҇I@lչMƶIҎƻϺʹMIĽlչ
ƷԺ2008ӋץoѲݔMɴƷݰܸ壬ݰƻӵĶxѭԭtҎ˴ƽMļ־Ը؟c؟؟εȡĿǰMһȡȌɲݰ͇͌Ժ
I҇ƶȵĽMɲ֡҇Iõ^lչeڽ512봨_չĿȞĺͻ֏ؽl]ҪãҲ˲ƴĽhίJ飬ͨ^ҎƻMIlչCҪxƷʮһȫ˴ίҎhԺڴ^Уע̎cFйIٛPϵyIоIP}
20091019աȫؔίTPڵʮһȫڶΕhϯFhĴhhYĈ桷dϢWCLI.1.128817
49.PƶI؟ηh1҇PI؟εPҎɢڹ˾ʳƷȫȫaԺPrgҎȶಿɷҎУǰҪ΄ǷeOƄ@ЩɷҎ؞䌍ǷƶI؟ηMһ{ՓC
ע]ЙzP
2.2 Ҏ
IȲƑָ4̖؟Ρؔ201011̖dϢWCLI.4.135006
ԺYaOίTPӡl<PI؟εָҊ>֪ͨYlо20081̖dϢWCLI.4.100817
ЇyOkdPڼӏyИIڙC؟εҊyOkl2007252̖dϢWCLI.4.144615
ЇyИIOίTϺOܾPӡl<ϺyИIڙCI؟ָ>֪ͨyOͨ200730̖dϢWCLI.12.161302
㽭ʡPƄIeO؟εҊl200819̖dϢWCLI.12.206565
dPƄIeO؟εҊl200835̖dϢWCLI.12.217983
2.3
2.3.1 °
ʯf¹Fɷ˾P؟ˆTaNۂӮaƷ ӱʡԺ2009.03.15dϢWCLI.C.187971
ԓĺڌaߡNߌЌwкķʳƷԭϵĮaƷЈΣYОMжaƷ؟ǺaƷͷǹ˾˾Mߵ؟ǮaƷ؟ε¹˾ȱݮaƷГ؟ҪwFzyYٻزȫaƷȝܓpMߵȎׂ˾߹܌˾Оoؓвж؟
2.3.2
Vۿ˰loaӰ˾ڄӠhKʡԺ2005KKֵ017̖dϢWCLI.C.86925
hĽcPڿȸˆTĄڄӺͬ}˾c˾оoϵPPϵˣڹ˾؟Փ汻WgҕĽڡA͇˾ּʾԵҎıoҲδLڱڄӷc˾ڱoڄߵĺϷ@һԭtϵһԵõ˳ֵwF
2.3.3 °
A11VSά|p˾永ϺеڶмԺ2002̣Kֵ333̖dϢWCLI.C.49067
һILgδҌx`IIpʧrmҲһ͵Ĺɖ|VA˾治ȫwɖ|ĺӡF˾HҪϹɖ|ͶYİȫҲҪςͶYİȫɖ|VAƶȵĴ_Ч˾ؔaܷǷֺHڹ˾YaľSoɖ|ıϣҲMһ˾؟ε䌍oV˵档
ꐵVϾpЙC늰lչ˾ɢ˾KʡϾа
^Ժ2006ֵ328̖dϢWCLI.C.231474
ϵA͇˾ӆFĹɖ|˾³̵Ҫɢ˾VA
µġ˾o˹˾ͽɢə࣬˾IˣmȻԠIĿģͬrijɆT횳Г؟֓ڄӾ͘I؟So؟{؟ΡTkU؟εȡʴ˿Կ˾ҲО֓ڄӾ͘I؟˾ɢ˾KֹһнIȻ¹˾ʧIeһЩ˾˾_װǧڴr£ɖ|֮gԭ¹˾ɢtoؓİlչҲİFYʌһЩ˾˾ɢɢ˾ɺܴĽɢɱɢԭIe۵ğoYau͑ԴILUFwȌol]ԭ˾ďSOgTͶµĽMҪܴĽMɱ͕rgnjYԴһNMͨ^³̿ʹ˾SֽIɄt
˾³mȻsɖ|Ҫɢ˾xɖ|ԓ헙İlչMиAҪɢ˾Ăeɖ|Də˾ɖ|횽ܹəDڴrVAԺҲpЛQɢ˾ˣ̎˾ɢVA{ǰóԺҪ˾ɖ|֮gMЅf̣ͨ^Ϸ;Q˾ȲìҪrԺɽM˾ɖ|MЅf{
캣ȫV届؟˾prʡ˲мԺ1999Kֵ442̖dϢWCLI.C.232880
DŽڄӠhrڄzُćõıҪ|aLJͨ^ƌʩģwFˇҌڄߵ؟ΣҲDŽڄߑܵĻĿڱܺ˵ĺϷ棬MȫaSoa
BdrI˾V꿣I㽭ʡBdмԺ2004BһKֵ640̖dϢWCLI.C.49088
cIIṩȫxաIlҎII͘IܵؔapГ؟һǰlIIδIպͬļs`sОкͬxպͲȫкͬxաȻIյ@һԛQII߀Гһ؟ڰlȫ¹ʕr߀ؓвȡoʩͅfx
ٶȾWӍƼ˾VϺܰϢg˾ȣַసиԺ2007Kֵ967̖dϢWCLI.C.230128
@һP֪RaİcڼӿframingWǷַ˾WԼǷɲWjϢͬҪP˳Г؟Ρ
wViȣҊxaʡмԺ2004һKֵ75̖(dϢWCLI.C.49317)
@һ͵ğoӺ˵ҊxaҊxԼUĉeʹDΣ鰲ܺ˵ľLh؟ȱCƵėl湲ͬwm֓poܺa
3.ĵһYԴ
3.1 ҎҎ
3.1.1 䡷United States Code
U.S.C.A. Const. Amend. I-Speech.
Ҏ˴ƙCcharitable organizationsO\YԴԼffՓə
11 U.S.C.A.101.
ҎƮa˵؟ͬrReligious Liberty and Charitable Donation Clarification Act of 2006, Pub.L.No.109-390, 1, 120 Stat. 2692 (2006)amending 11 U.S.C.A. 1325
12 U.S.C.A.24.
Ҏ˹˾cCӰеڰҎ˾Йڿơ˵x֮Ŀģcharitable, philanthropic, or benevolent instrumentalities´ƻӹpublic welfare{ǸݷҎteֹyЏƾٛ
15 U.S.C.A.1.
Ҏ`ОԼ̎Pڷ˹Charitable Gift Annuity Antitrust Relief Act of 1995, Pub.L. 101-588, 1, Amendments(1990)ԼCharitable Donation Antitrust Immunity Act of 1997, Pub.L.No.104-63, 1, 109 Stat. 687(1995)
15 U.S.C.A.78j.
Ҏ˹˾ɖ|˲ɖ|ĮϢ¶ȹ؟
26 U.S.C.A.163.
ҎؔFrĹ˾ģʽCorporate governance in the age of finance corporatismԼ˾ƾٛĶՃ
3.1.2 䡷Code of Federal Regulations
]ЙzPYӍ
3.1.3 MƵһYԴ˾ԭtchPrinciples of Corporate Governance: Analysis and Recommendations (ALI-CORPGOV)
֪ɅfAmerican Law InstituteQALIFyһ\аl]Ҫã1923Ơ£W.N.HohfeldijhulչƷɞּԽMɅfᘌɑӡĆ}YһЩձܵ^cwSҪ֧ˡ(Restatement of the Law)
Ȼֵעcľ벻ͬڷWȲ֮ЮaӰ߂cW̿ƕҲͬͨfҲԇDͬİc^cM{ڏ@헹ČW߂䌦Jؓ؟ʹ߂c˜ՓƵęԡ˾ԭtchPrinciples of Corporate Governance: Analysis and RecommendationsɅfڅcƶyһ̷䡱µĮaДMƵһYԴĵλ
ALI-CORPGOVzWlFS 2.01Y
ALI-CORPGOV 2.01 (As Adopted and Promulgated by The American Law Institute at Washington, D.C., May 13, 1992 Current through June 2010).
2.01 The Objective And Conduct Of The Corporation (Approx. 17 pages)
A business corporation should have as its objective the conduct of business activities with a view to enhancing corporate profit and shareholder gain, except that, whether or not corporate profit and shareholder gain are thereby enhanced, the corporation, in the conduct of its business
(a)Is obliged, to the same extent as a natural person, to act within the boundaries set by law,
(b)May take into account ethical considerations that are reasonably regarded as appropriate to the responsible conduct of business, and
(c)May devote a reasonable amount of resources to public welfare, humanitarian, educational, and philanthropic purposes.
2.01W^Ŀǰڹ˾؟wҲЄԵҎ2.01HҎ˹˾cɖ|ÞĿˣГӴϵ؟Σܷɼsď؟صĵx؟Լڹ˵xc֮ĿĵĄ؟
3.2 AݷɡҎҎ
50ÿݶԼķwϵAݵҪɫ֮һصͶYṩ`FĹ˾wϵԼPҎ
6 Del.C. 7309.
Ҏ˹˾Ĵƾٛ˾˽private profit֮߀Իڽ̡xx罻w߸ĸ֮Ŀģreligious, educational, benevolent, charitable, fraternal, social, athletic, or reformatory purposesĸ
8 Del.C. 101.
Ҏ˹˾ԻڴxČW߿ƌW֮ĿģCharitable, Benevolent, Educational, Literary and Scientific PurposesԼWԺУoٛ
8 Del.C. 102.
˾О飬H]ɖ|shareholders߀]Pߣstakeholders
8 Del.C. 141.
˾鹫˾佛IО͛QО鑪ܵһƾ֮ٛДࡣ
8 Del.C. 157.
Ҏ˹˾Լɖ|ڹ˾գcorporate affairsԼoٛеęcxգrights, duties and liabilities
10 Del.C. 3104.
Ҏĸ˾parent and subsidiaryֹ֮ٛ
3.3
Steinway v. Steinway & Sons, 17 Misc. 43, 40 N.Y.S. 718 (N.Y.Sup. May 1896).
ԓԺͻ˂yԽԭtultra viresIJֱӫ@ԭtdirect corporate benefit֮BJ錦칫˾manufacturing corporationfaƷu֮Ŀģthe purpose of extending the reputation thereof֮ٛڶõĽIДࣨbusiness judgementδ`ɖ|xx
Brinson Ry. Co. v. Exchange Bank of Springfield, 16 Ga.App. 425, 85 S.E. 634 (Ga.App. Jun 11, 1915).
ԓԺԳ˂yԽԭtJF·˾һԙHڣonly as the statute confersǷɶͬ⣨with or without the consent of its board of directors\ù˾YȥٛԹ˾xṩYOWУߞ˽OƌWУڳʹWУͳλF·ӽͨ\IȻԽGeorgiaͨ³һ\ݔIF·˾֮the general laws of Georgia as a common carrier
Dodge v. Ford Motor Co., 204 Mich. 459, 170 N.W. 668, 3 A.L.R. 413 (Mich. Feb 07, 1919).
ԓԺԳ˂yԽԭtОՓJ̘I˾Oc\IԹɱcapital stockעWɖ|棩wFord֮Ȼɾԓɖ|֮鹫˾ǴƙC^`֮xֹ
A. P. Smith Mfg. Co. v. Barlow, 13 N.J. 145, 98 A.2d 581, 39 A.L.R.2d 1179 (N.J. Jun 25, 1953)
ԓԺ|ɵĿDԽԭtJڬFl£modern conditions픵~Ĵƾٛreasonable charitable contributionsnjͨԭt¹˾SһξзxČ`˽Cprivately supported educational institutionf˾MкƵľٛ{
Sullivan v. Hammer, 1990 WL 114223, Fed. Sec. L. Rep. P 95,415, 16 Del. J. Corp. L. 1621 (Del.Ch. Aug 07, 1990)
AݵİzWҲի@ԓԺHں픵~˜ش^ʧGross Negligence˜Ҍں픵~ҲشͻһҎ湫˾֮ٛ~ܹ˾ͨɹɖ|I֮Ŀǰˮʣcurrent dividend levelsPٛ~ó^ÿ3֣not exceed approximately 3? per share
PART TWOīIzеĶYԴ
1.YԴĽY
_ώPڶYԴĄWYԴ֞飺BooksՓģDissertationsuՓLaw review articles{棨Law reportsоCLaw researchsMPϢNGOԼɔ죨Legal Websites, Datebasesȵȡ
ֵһ˂yķWYԴķڽWƵҕWWWϵĽģͣModelsҲڃՓĵfƩPߣstakeholderģ˾ڣcorporate life cycleģɱ棨cost-benefitģ͵ȵȡ
Ȼ@һNWϵķ]zݵԺ͈ĵıWĻAόīIYϰճdwעxdwtһY϶ܱwWjYӍIJͬw֞
1.1 YϣBooks
ԼΪɕPоɹz;Ҫͨ^D^Worldcatwww.worldcat.orgԼD^OPACϵyz
1.2 ڿcuՓDissertations & Law review articles
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1.3 WjYӍWorld Wide Web
@һְOVHIɔϵYԴҰGooglewww.google.com.hkBaiduwww.baidu.comWikipediawww.wikipedia.orgzһYӍҪעעWjYӍҪעwWַURL-Uniform Resource LocatorԼLrg
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2.ĵĶYԴ
2.1 Y
˾؟Ρɳ1999
@ĿǰڈD^ҵо˾؟Ά}ʿ\ÂyWҎķڿҹ˾؟εĻA˰b˾؟¶λ˾Ŀµ؟ΡUǹɖ|漯F˾յąc؟ι_CԼЌ䌍I˾؟εڃȵĶ潨OҊ
ͬrʿ\÷ጌW^Wvʷо˹˾؟εķɆ}ؾ˾Mߺ̈́ڄߵ؟ηֱٌ}Է_ƪ֮вن}]Ёü̽ӑ
Bϣ˾c˾؟ΡЇW2001
@ǏĹ˾ĹWҕĴ_W߄BϽᘌ_^Ĺ˾FIĹΫIеõĆlǹ˾OģʽIЙ͡ə༯лɢij̶ИI|ؔՠroP
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RI؟νWcWɳ2002
@ǏĽWcWpҕĴRڄԵҵ˽WcWYϵcijɱЧȸl˾؟Ά}ώׂPĆ}Mϵy̽ӑڴ˻Aό҇˾؟ՓоcƶȘǰհԵՓ
裺I؟о2005
@TWƽоĴг\Ҏ͌CоԹ˾؟εĘ˜ʻՓSCϲ˹˾W˾BW·f^cɱhµĹ˾؟Θ˜ʻ
ZI؟оЇz2008
@ǏĽǶ^õăᲩʿڽ̓rֵ^ָչ_I؟Ά}о̽ӑIγГ؟ָЧ쏽ͬ\˷ɽWķ
ĚJ˾Y֮оЇW2005档
ĚJڡ˾Y֮оһU˾YһՓ֮ҪՓǹɖ|ͱOӵƼsCP؟Σڹ˾wYЁ{ɖ|ͱOӛQߵƼs
ꐱ\IWՓ_W2002
@ǹ˾IՓdIоĴPߞ錦ָ؟ָ˾Г؟؟κ͵؟ڃȵһNC؟
2.2 ڿcuՓ
αՓЙơdӱW20039ڡ
ЙһNֵЙƶƶȵĺκһ헙ǽ^ЙҲܵһЙƵıͷAlUЙ֮҇Й֮rM˿YָЙcҎЙƶȵĿһµOЙĿǞ˽QYԴԺ˵ğoc֮gPϵľoԣôЙMͬx_@һĿ
˾؟ε׃䆢ʾdWՓ20063
Ĺ˾؟ƶȾзdzƾõĚvʷ˾Г؟Ҫ棺1˾؟2Mߵ؟3YԴh؟ͨ^˾؟ε׃ʷJ҇Ҳҕ˾؟ƶȵĽͨ^˾IĿ˺؟βصĹ˾Ŀwϵ
ՓI؟εĺx|̓ݡdWҡ20061
I؟ǽFIcCPϵһNҪ˼ƶӆġ˾5l״ڷ_˹˾I؟wλo҇I؟ηƻOо̱xشɹȻ5lһԭtԗlּʾһNrֵȡО˜I؟εĺx|̓ݵȲ]_Խ綨ČI؟εĺx|̓ݵȆ}M̽ӑoԼI؟εĽ綨
_£҇˾؟ε˾ɽQ˼·dW200712
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N˾؟Σڷ؟cʄt֮gdⷨW20081
J飬˾؟һN؟Σ؟Ξ鹫˾؟O͘˜ͬr˾؟εxڵʄtʄtӳ˹˾؟εărֵ˾؟ε䌍x_؟εġӲsҲx_ʄtġܛsYcڹ˾
˾؟Γ䌍FdЇWW20082
Կ˾A롰؟TFc̽ӑ˾؟Γ䌍F}ʾӵıƶȰŌڹ˾؟ΓĻAx
Si˾؟߅оdWuՓ20085
˾؟ε߅о˾؟Ά}ĻA첻Ĺ˾؟߅ՓеKڌ`^еľwڌ˾ЧʃȺMķָ߅푪ڷ؟κ͵؟֮ȡmȻ@һ߅ಢҿԜʴ_ľw؟Ҫ˾ȥУҪеĹ˾Гͬӵ؟ᘌͬ˾ľwrᘌԲвԵ؟Ҫ
K磺˼cԽ˾؟ԏጡdՓ20091
˾؟ήaı幫˽ںڹ˾IĿcГ؟֮gPϵԏጵһNԽЧĿµĹƽҲع˾IλĿĞM·cPߵϼsD׃ƷYFɳmİlչͬ[ԽM
Yd˾؟γɞ顰ϻdAW20094ڡ
Pڹ˾؟εӑՓ^ġ~A˾`؟εҲđҎĽǶȿ]顰˾Yaʹ؟Mxؿs顰˾Ĵƻ˾5l؟ΗlҎǷԭtҲDzҎОҎ鷨ԭtОҎ؟Σ؞ڹ˾ȫ^̡ҎxĽ˾ճ̘IД`؟ΡˣЃɷN˾ĸĸ˼·PM빫˾ȃȲCڶO؟ίTǰߌĸ˾IԽMĻY߿ǸѵęCO؟ίTxCƣ̘IQMӰu؟γɞ顰ϻҪe
2.3 WjӍ
@һֵČIYϲTBǰeČڿܶҲɾWjԃһDzHռ˔^ڿc棬xÿƪīIYһΨһķCacitationzdz
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I؟ЇWwww.csr-china.net
l{Ј棬_չISO26000؟·H˜ʌӖ
ЇI؟ξWwww.chinacsr.com
ЇI؟ģChina Corporate Social Responsibility CenterṩϢ֧Pע坍ԴacڹoȆ}
ЇI؟ΙCָϣwww.chinacsrmap.org
ЇI؟ΙCָɵg˾GTZ̵vM˾cϢϵy˾ͬlĿCSR Asiaýw顣@ĿĿϣͨ^ṩӢBЇ\I؟νMĶȫõ˽ЇI؟εİlչFlоɹ2010ȡC100 CSRu
2010؟ΈӑoҪ
ЇIϕЇI҅fkڙI؟ξWwww.csr9001.coml
ɭI؟ΙCRecende CSRwww.recende.com
ṩCSRYӍՓоͰɇHIFꠈcuICSRӋ
3.ĵĶYԴ
2.1 Y
73 Am. Jur. 2d Subscriptions 11 (March 2011).
Ҏ˞ƻ߹ĿľٛSubscriptions for Charitable or Public Purposes֮ԭt1˾ЙٛܺͬPϵƼscontracts supported2ٛО鲻ʹ߫@The consideration need not benefit the subscriber3ƽ\šɣfair dealing, honesty, and equity4Zһ㲻óNwڴƙCeleemosynary institutions֮Xؔһ㲻Úw߀
18 C.J.S. Corporations 276 (March 2011).
Ҏ˾Оֹ֮Estoppel of subscriber߽ҲֹJٛZЧcxգdeny the validity of a subscription contract, or liability thereon˾ItcÕrdividends or other benefits of membershipŗٛZ
James D. Cox & Thomas Lee Hazen, Treatise on the Law of Corporations 2:11 (2011).
B˹˾Йc؟ι팦ڹ˾ˣɖ|cPߵӰ
Oliver Sheldon, The Philosophy of Management 342-390 (Isaac Pitman Sons. 1923).
Oliver Sheldonѹ˾؟c˾ߝMaINҪ؟ϵJ鹫˾؟ΰеڃ״˾؟ΡCorporate Social ResponsibilityZx
Saleem Sheikh, Corporate Social Responsibilities: Law and Practice (Cavendish. 1996).
Saleem Sheikhʿһ˾ؑCorporate Social Responsiveness˾؟^՚vʷrڄ֞飺1ŵrںorژص؟^Ԫǰ5000Ԫ55010001500꣩2xrڵ؟^15001800꣩3Irڣ18001920꣩4ȫrڵ؟^1920
Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism (Scribner. 1958).
Max Weberڽ̺ĻĽǶU˼ӠģJohn Calvinĸ̘Ic˃rֵ^ĸ׃IәC顰lչԭԿ϶ؔJǡsҫϵۡġӠĽ̽oڄZ\ŵԷeOĵ¿϶ơ͡JǡHΨһ;
Adolf A. Berle & Gardiner C. Means, The modern corporation and private property (MacMillan. 1932).
Adolf A. BerlecGardiner C. Meansͨ^F˾LڌCоlFSFɷݹ˾ЙcƙķxгһI߂׃ȫļgԹƽ^иNFgIJͬҪSġ
Abbass F. Alkhafaji, A stakeholder approach to corporate governance : Managing in a Dynamic Environment 122, 123 (Quorum, 1989).
Abbass F. Alkhafajiڕˎc^죺1F˾MڴɼȻǽԽMĿD׃ʹ2˾profit-maximization^ȥԶٳɞʵ^cĞL3˾еϵxԎ̎ϵĆ}4˾кܶYԴɹQԆ}֮ʹã5˾֮Оؓ؟ߣt֮Ķ˾֮lչ˾ԄӵƱM؟ԱԲҪ֮ڵķҎƹ˾֮ɹ˾ܵҪ֮ơ
Howard Rothmann Bowen, Social responsibilities of the businessman (Harper. 1953).
Howard Rothmann Bowenڕ˾܃HHȵ؞ɖ|IٍXԼΨһĿģȵӹɖ|֮
R. Edward Freeman, Strategic management : a stakeholder approach (Pitman. 1984).
R. Edward FreemanoԼPߣStakeholdersĶxЩ܉ӰIĿˌF܉IFĿ˵^Ӱ푵κ˻ȺwFreeman½WMilton FriedmanġίPϵՓ͡˾؟ξǞɖ|ٍXThe Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, 1979^cĻAϣsՓPՓ˾˞ɖ|ShareholdersҲ]PߣStakeholderswй̣SuppliersMߣCustomers͆TEmployeesɖ|^Local CommunityԼ(Management)
Douglas M. Branson, Corporate Governance Reform and the New Corporate Social Responsibility, 62 U Pitt L Rev 605 (2001).
Douglas M. Bransonָ˾ģʽD׃һ;ǘ˾ߵ؟R
J. E. Parkinson, Corporate Power and Responsibility: Issues in the Theory of Company Law 267 (Oxford. 1993).
J. E. Parkinson؟֣1c˾µĽI֮gPϵ֞飺P؟cP؟Ρ2ܼcsОҎʣ֞飺xϵ؟κͷxϵ؟3Թ˾О錧µĽY֞飺I؟cMI؟4Թ˾О鱳ĄәC֞飺rֵxBȵ؟cxBȵ؟
W. Michael Hoffman & Jennifer Mills Moore, Business Ethics: Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality (McGraw-Hill. 1990).
W. Michael HoffmancJennifer Mills MooreJ飬x؟ǹ˾So䡰ֱ˸̘̓IġȻɱһNԵչ˾ڃrֵ^C䲻͑׃IJиŬ
John R. Kimberly & Robert H. Miles, The Organizational Life Cycle Jossey-Bass. 1980.
John R. KimberlyRobert H. Miles\ƌWȷо˾ՓĻA֮˹˾Փ˾ҪvaL˥ҪôKҪôʧڴ˻ALѭhģ˾ڄ֞ʮAΡ냺ڡWഺFŻڡMһČʾ˾lչĻҎ
Eilis Ferran, Company Law and Corporate Finance (Oxford, 1999).
ͨ^˾ϰķȌw{һЩԭtƩԽԭtUltra Virus˾ֱӫ@ԭtDirect Corporate BenefitsIДԭtBusiness Judgementȵȡ
2.2 ڿcuՓ
Adolf A. Berle, Corporate Powers as Powers in Trust, 44 Harvard Law Review 10491931.
Adolf A. BerleԳ֡ɖ|֮ˑHȫwɖ|ؓ؟Ăy^cJF˾Йcƙķx˽ؔaƶȵΣC˾ɖ|ˑHɖ|ؓ؟һx蹫˾˾ӻ߹˾ȲκβTFwęԴڷɻ³̣О횿ֻйɖ|Թ
E. Merrick Dodd, For Whom are Corporate Managers Trustees, 45 Harvard Law Review 1145, 1160, 1161 (1932).
E. Merrick Doddt{˾齛CӯҲչ˾檚ڹɖ|鹫˾Hɖ|\߀͆TMߺ؟θУa sense of social responsibility toward employees, consumers, and the general public
Adolf A. Berle, For Whom are Corporate Managers Trustees: A Note, 45 Harvard Law Review 1365, 1368 (1932.
Berle^mUጡ˾Ĺɖ|ˑHȫwɖ|ؓ؟ĵDoddǰɂĮh1˾߳ɞ鹫˾P˵˲ؓ؟ȱ2˾ߌɖ|xxյκεֻPϵ˵@γI߷ŗVĿ˵IJ֮ܿ
David Ruder, Public Obligation of Private Corporation, 114 U. Pa. Law Review 751965.
David RuderهyĠIՓڽIДԭtĿ֮˾YЃrֵĹʩO
Henry G. Manne, The Social Responsibility of Regulated Utilities, 4 Wisconsin Law Review 28 (1972).
˾؟εĸ]һĽfHenry G. ManneԇDЧùcx˾؟빫˾ОϵyՓ֮
Clarkson & Max B.E, A Stakeholder Framework for Analyzing and Evaluating Corporate Social Performance, 20 The Academy of Management 106 (1995).
ClarksonڌPϵ˷֞һPϵˈFwPrimary Stakeholder GroupscPϵˈFwSecondary Stakeholder Groupsǰָ]䅢c˾Ͳ齛Iwas a going concernȥFwwMɣɖ|ͶY͆TԼ鹫˾ṩAOʩcЈ˾ƶcҎt˾c^ָЩӰ푹˾ܹ˾Ӱc˾֮g]PϵҲǹ˾ıҪlFwýT漯F
Adrienne Arsht, The Business Judgement Rule Revisited, 8 Hofstra L.Rev. 93, 114-130 (1979).
Adrienne ArshtՓIДҪأ1ϵ漰̘IQߵĠh2ϵײ߂Pϵ3עx4Ҍx5oEò֮ԭܷCCƶ֮_tϵ֮ϷԣSԺع˾I֮Qº
Richard M. Brunell, The Social Costs of Mergers: Restoring Local Control as a Factor in Merger Policy, 85 N.C. L. Rev. 149 (2006).
Richard M. BrunellˡȻɱҕՓMߡ͆TԼPߵ؟θЌڹ˾ijLclչPҪ
James T. Hale, Fifth Annual Directors' Institute on Corporate Governance: Target Corporate Responsibility Report 2007, 1622 PLI/Corp 223 (September 24, 2007).
Ĺ˾؟Έlĕrg2007924գhIȷB؟εĠr
Thuy-Nga T. Vo, Rating Management Behavior and Ethics: A Proposal to Upgrate the Corporate Goverance Rating Criteria, 34 J. Corp. L. 1 (2008).
Thuy-Nga T. VoվڌCĽǶ˲ͬ˾ڲؘ֮ͬµĹОc˾鹫˾؟оṩ˿YĔ
Matthew A. Melone, Citizens United and Corporate Political Speech: Did the Supreme Court Enhance Political Discourse or Invite Corruption, 60 DePaul L. Rev. 29 (2010).
Matthew A. Meloneϵy؟\ӣcorporate social responsibility movementĹ˾ĽǶȳUeOx
Virginia Harper Ho, Enlightened Shareholder Value: Corporate Goverance Beyond the Shareholder-Stakeholder Divide, 36 J. Corp.L.59 (2010).
Virginia Harper Ho˹ɖ|shareholder wealth maximizationԼ˾L棨long-term firm valueڴ˻Aτ˹ɖ|cPߵĽַͶƱcsvoting & engagementP߅c˾;
2.3 WjӍ
@һֵČIYϲTBǰeČڿܶҲɾWjԃcՄһHͨе؟Θ˜ʣٶȰٿYӍ201141L
SA8000 (Social Accountability 8000, 1997.10)
HڹMs˙Ժχͯ湫sƶȫׂҎH˜ּǴ_ĮaƷԷ؟Θ˜ʵҪSA8000˜mκИIͬҎģĹ˾cISO9000|wϵISO14000hwϵһӣԞһɱJCC֮H˜˜ʰ؟ε9ͯԄڄӡcȫMcwՄеęҕͽԴʩrgYwϵ
ISO260002010.7
ISO 26000؟Θ˜LJH˜ʻMInternational Organization for Standards2005_ʼݵĵһH؟Θ˜ISOQhISO 26000һ؟ָļڵJCǹwϵ˜mÌIMĿǰγɵIJݸ壬˜ʰ؟ε7M˙ڹ汣ohoƽIMߙ汣oԼc^lչͬr˜ʏ{κνMͨ^ӏcPĜͨͽȫ؟